Human Settlements -- Von Thunen and Urbanization in the 1990's
I. Von Thunen's Agricultural Land Use Model
A. Assumptions:
1. Isolated State--no other cities
2. Single market at center
3. Market price, p, same for all
producers of a given product
4. Featureless plane--uniform soil
conditions, equal transport conditions
5. Yield per unit acre is the same
everywhere
6. Transportation costs are proportional
to distance and invariant to direction
7. Farmers maximize profits
B. Symbolic Model
1. Non-Spatial economic model:
pi (p,w,r) = pQ - wL - rK
pi = earnings
p = profit
w = wage
r = capital/rent
p = price of
good
pQ = revenue
wL = wage and
amount of labor
rK = capital
and amount of ?
2. Spatial Economic Model:
LR = pY - cY - Ytd
LR = Land Rent
pY = price
per unit yield
cY = cost per
unit yield
Ytd = transport
cost /unit yield /distance (this makes the model spatial because cost
varies with distance)
C. GRAPHICS
II. Urbanization in the 1990's
A. Urban population as a percent of total population
1. Low levels in Sub-Saharan Africa
2. Variation in urbanization between
Southwest and Northwest Africa
3. Low urbanization in South Asia
4. Singapore is completely urban
5. Pacific Rim: South Korea, Japan,
Taiwan are highly urbanized
B. Distribution of Great World Cities
1. Concentrated in Western Europe,
North America, and East Asia
2. Regional Megalopolis in South
Florida
3. Urban complex in Germany's Ruhr-Rhine
zone
4. Randstat in the Netherlands
5. Australia--Primacy of the 5 cities
C. Megacities
1. Many of the largest megacities
are in the world's poorest countries
2. By 2025, 15 cities will have populations
of 20 million
3. Stand alonge cities in developing
countries
4. Conurbations in developed countries
5. In 2025, NYC will no longer be
one of the top 10 largest cities
6. Asia, Africa, South America contain
the fastest growing cities
III. Chicago video
|
|